ATF4 and melanoma: Combining the data on ER stress-associated factors with the restorative result of ER stress-mediated apoptosis, it is highly indicated that 11-dehydrosinulariolide is able to induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells, and the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP as well as the ATF6/CHOP pathways are very likely to be involved in the apoptotic events.