Patients with recurrent GB who were treated with bevacizumab had a mean of 36.7 + 7.4% p-STAT3 expressing cells in comparison to a recurrent glioblastoma cohort that had never received any type of VEGF signaling inhibitor therapy that had a mean of 13.3 + 1.6% p-STAT3 expressing cells (P=0.0008 by student t-test) (Fig. 1B). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and glioblastoma.