CST3 and acute kidney injury: Because of the importance of septic AKI, researchers have found many biomarkers for this syndrome, such as low-molecular-weight proteins (β2-microglobulin, α1-microglobulin, adenosine deaminase binding protein, retinol binding protein, cystatin C, and renal tubular epithelial antigen-1), enzymes (N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase; lactate dehydrogenase, α/π-glutathione-S-transferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase), cytokines (platelet activating factor and IL-18), and other biomarkers (kidney injury molecule-1 and Na/H exchanger isoform-3)[19].