By using the cut-off values provided by the distribution curves of each miRNA, both miRNAs showed superior sensitivity than conventional serum markers (AFP: α-fetoprotein; AFP-L3: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive α-fetoprotein; DCP: des-γ-carboxyprothrombin) to separate HCC and chronic liver diseases. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.