We hypothesized that growth factors such as TGF-β1 and VEGF, which playa role in the development of diabetic nephropathy, are upregulated in Gb3-accumulatedendothelial cells and the Fabry mouse kidney, and that these factors play a crucial role inthe development of the renal complications of Fabry disease (9). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Fabry disease.