In addition, because WS individuals have an increased prevalence of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and have high circulatory levels of p38-inducible pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα (Yokote et al. 2004), it is possible that p38 activity may also underlie the inflammatory features seen in WS (Davis and Kipling 2006). The gene discussed is MAPK14; the disease is Werner syndrome.