The GINGER study compared the safety and efficacy of basal–bolus insulin (insulin glargine plus insulin glulisine with meals) vs. twice-daily premixed insulin (either Neutral Protamine Hagedorn [NPH]/regular human insulin or biphasic insulin aspart 70/30) in 310 people with long-standing Type 2 diabetes 45,47. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.