The paper by R. Brigelius-Flohé et al. discusses the dichotomous role of Nrf2 and highlights how Nrf2 activation results in the expression of several selenium-containing antioxidant enzymes (e.g., Trx reductase and GSH peroxidase) that contribute to enhance the deleterious aspects of Nrf2 in tumor progression. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is neoplasm.