A key role for TGFβ1 in lung fibrosis has been confirmed in studies showing the development of lung fibrosis in animals transfected with TGFβ1-producing adenovirus, and by work demonstrating inhibition of experimental lung fibrosis by interventions targeting TGFβ1 or its downstream signals [3, 4]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.