By histology, at 6 weeks the anti-GM-CSF mAb-treated mice also had significantly milder disease in the medial tibia (P < 0.01) and medial femur (P < 0.05) regions of the joints (Figure 4B,C) with the mean level of arthritis development also being significantly lower in the anti-GM-CSF mAb-treated group for this therapeutic treatment protocol. Here, CSF2 is linked to arthritic joint disease.