Reduction of tumor markers in prostate (prostate-specific antigen (PSA): >40% reduction in 3 from 16 patients) and ovarian (cancer-antigen 125: >20% reduction in 3 from 5 patients) cancers was reportedly observed in patients, as well as decreased numbers of circulating tumor cells and lowered Hsp27 expression measured by immunofluorescence (37,38). Here, KLK3 is linked to cancer.