Raedle and his colleagues revealed that three of 7 (43%) patients with HCV-related HCC had autoantibodies to p53 [134], one of the tumor-associated antigens [135], while none of the patients with HCV-related CLD did, suggesting that HCV-induced carcinogenesis resulted in the production of these autoantibodies. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.