Given the strong relationship between serum IFN-α and autoantibodies in SLE [4], we also examined serum IFN-α in the context of the other SNP-autoantibody relationships we had identified rs9521996/anti-RNP in African Americans and rs4894215/anti-Ro in European-Americans, (Figures 4(b) and 4(c) resp). The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.