Our finding of an inhibitory effect of lithium on TGF-β1-induced FMT in AS HBF populations provides a potential explanation for the attenuating effect of lithium on the ongoing asthmatic process, as well as coincidental remission of asthmatic symptoms and their recurrence upon discontinuation of lithium therapy in psychiatric diseases, as revealed by epidemiological studies [31–33]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is psychiatric disorder.