CF patients present with several abnormalities in oxidative stress, including elevated ROS generation, a constitutive defect in glutathione metabolism, and reduced intake of fat-soluble antioxidant vitamins (Galli et al., 2012), some of which are endogenous or natural PARP-1 inhibitors (Banasik et al., 1992). The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is cystic fibrosis.