ICAM1 and cystic fibrosis: In a separate study that compared duodenal mucosal specimens (obtained endoscopically) from 14 PI CF patients, 20 healthy controls, and 4 non-CF patients with PI chronic pancreatitis, an increased mononuclear cell infiltrate which expressed intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, IL-2 receptor alpha (CD25), IL-2, and interferon-γ was observed in the lamina propria of duodenal mucosal specimens from CF children [14].