Our findings of differential modulation of MAPkinases by mycobacterial lipid antigens are supported by Tapinos and Rambukanna[28], where they have shown that live leprosy bacilli hijack cellular signalling machinery by potentiating Erk1/2 phosphorylation but not p38 in Schwann cells, which further promotes cell proliferation which could aid in spreading of bacilli. Here, MAPK3 is linked to leprosy.