IGF1 and Alzheimer disease: Therefore, we noted that genes from the pathways TGF-β, Notch, Insulin/IGF pathway-PKB, Insulin/IGF pathway MAPKK/MAPK, Cytoskeletal regulation by Rho GTPase, Cadherin signaling, and Alzheimer disease-presenilin signaling were over-represented in 4C pre-malignant melanocytes in relation to melan-a cells, and under-represented in 4C11+ metastatic melanoma cell line in relation to 4C11− non-metastatic melanoma cells.