However, high TRAP1 levels were also found in 42% of ER negative tumors, revealing two independent but interconnected parameters i) ERα, described to play a dominant role in ovarian cancer [24,25] and ii) TRAP1, a mitochondrial chaperone, selectively up-regulated in tumor cells [19] and up-regulated by estrogen [10]. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.