The quantitative detection of urine protein revealed that renal function was easily damaged in patients with MPGN and MsPGN (Figure 5A), and patients with HBsAg-, HBeAg- and anti-HBc-positive serum or HBsAg-, anti-HBe- and anti-HBc-positive serum were likely to have high levels of protein in the urine (Figure 5B). Here, HBE1 is linked to primary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.