PCNA and cancer: Results showed upregulation of proapoptotic proteins, BAD and BAX in both tumor models (Fig. 8A, B). We noted an upregulation of expression of BCL2, which needs to be studied further. A moderate downregulation of PCNA, a cell proliferation marker was also observed, which is consistent with immunohistochemistry results. Besides, we have also observed upregulation of both activated and normal p53, FAS, FAS-L, FADD and CYTOCHROME C (Fig. 8A, B) suggesting that the mechanism of cell death induced by 4a in tumor tissues within the animals and cancer cell lines was comparable.