While vesicle extracts will contain large amount of vesicle fluid, the single-cell extract will most likely be derived from the inner germinal layer of the metacestode, and therefore, the heightened proinflammatory IL-17 responses in patients with progressive AE may primarily be induced by vesicle fluid components and germinal cells and engaging the IL-17RB activation pathway. This evidence concerns the gene IL17RB and acrodermatitis enteropathica.