AIRE and autoimmune disease: Autoimmune regulator (AIRE), for which loss of function mutations cause an inherited human autoimmune disease (Consortium, 1997; Nagamine et al., 1997; Michels and Gottlieb, 2010), is expressed in mTECs and promotes TSA expression, thereby suppressing the onset of autoimmune diseases (Anderson et al., 2002; Peterson et al., 2008; Mathis and Benoist, 2009).