TWIST1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The recent findings showing distinct pattern of expression of Twist1 in various fat depots in mice and humans (Pan et al., 2009; Pettersson et al., 2010a) as well as correlation of Twist1 expression with BMI and insulin resistance and AT inflammation (Pettersson et al., 2010b) are granting future efforts towards understanding the specific Twist1 targets and mechanisms employed for translational regulation in AT as well as the functional relevance for pathologies such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and vascular disease.