GCG and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D), glucagon secretion from α-cells become dysregulated (Gerich et al., 1973; Bolli et al., 1983; Butler and Rizza, 1991; Cryer, 2002; Dunning and Gerich, 2007; Quesada et al., 2008).