TNF and atherosclerosis: In our study on an in vitro model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells[6,92], donkey milk exhibited the ability to induce IgG secretion and the release of interleukins (IL-12, IL-1β, IL-10) and TNF-α - important to the immunotreatment of immune-related disease - and a high release of nitric oxide (NO), a potent promoter in the prevention of atherosclerosis.