Since signalling through TLR2 and TLR4 by hyaluronan may be important in the maintenance of epithelial integrity in the lung after inflammatory insults and in repair [30], it could be that TLR2 and TLR4 SNPs are also exhibiting effects in the inflammatory processes in COPD in order to down regulate detrimental signals. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.