Diabetes Mellitus is a relevant cause of cardiovascular morbility and mortality: both type 1 diabetes, resulting from insulin deficiency, and type 2 diabetes, characterized by the coexistence of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion, present both microvascular (i.e., retinopathy and nephropathy) and macrovascular (i.e., atherosclerotic coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular disease) complications [1]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.