While TGFβ is well known to activate the Smad signaling pathway in CFBs, thereby mediating FB activation and collagen production, a recent study by Koitabashi and colleagues demonstrated that the TGFβ signaling pathway in the cardiomyocytes via TGFβ-receptor 2 plays a critical role in myocardial fibrosis following pressure overload [123]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Myocardial fibrosis.