GFAP and Hydrocephalus: The role of periventricular astrocytic proliferative change in hydrocephalic brain injury is supported by studies that demonstrated increased brain GFAP ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels (measured by western blot) with progression of hydrocephalus in kaolin models of kittens [23], and increased CSF levels of GFAP in human hydrocephalic patients [24].