TGFB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Using distal lung fibroblasts isolated from former smokers with and without COPD, we found that GHK (10 nM), like TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml), induced alterations in integin-β1 localization (green staining in Figure 6a) and reorganized actin to form contractile filaments (red staining in Figure 6a).