PPARG and cancer: Ligand-induced activation of PPARγ was found to inhibit c-MET (an important protooncogene-encoding receptor for hepatocyte growth factor) [36] and expression of cyclin D1 [37] and COX-2 [31], induce expression of p27 [38], p21 [32], and p53 [39], and suppress gastrin (a potent cancer cell growth promoting factor) [40].