Inappropriately low LH and FSH concentrations are prevalent in patients with obesity and other features of metabolic syndrome (hypertension and hyperlipidemia), this prevalence may be the result of insulin resistance at the level of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-secreting neuron because insulin facilitates the secretion of GnRH from neuronal cell cultures [37]. Here, GNRH1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.