The brain renin-angiotensin system is activated in hypertension and chronic heart failure with enhanced central sympathetic outflow (Hu et al., 2002; Reja et al., 2006; Leenen, 2007; Huang and Leenen, 2009; Zucker et al., 2009; Dupont and Brouwers, 2010) Aldosterone increases angiotensin-converting enzyme, AT1 receptor and oxidative stress in the PVN of the hypothalamus of salt-sensitive hypertension and ischemic heart failure (Huang et al., 2011). The gene discussed is AGTR1; the disease is hypertensive disorder.