APP and Alzheimer disease: When the CA1 region from AD cases was compared to control subjects, an Affymetrix analysis mainly revealed an up-regulation of oxidative stress-related, apoptosis-related and pro-inflammatory signaling genes (Colangelo et al., 2002); a comparative analysis of three APP mouse models by gene arrays identified mainly deregulated genes with roles in the immune response, carbohydrate metabolism, and proteolysis; while in P301L tau transgenic JNPL3 mice, inflammation mediators and apoptosis inhibitors were found to be down-regulated (Ho et al., 2001).