It has also been separately shown that serum levels of chemerin and vaspin were both increased in patients with NAFLD (Kukla et al., 2010b; Yilmaz et al., 2011a), and the level of chemerin was modestly associated with liver fibrosis (Sell et al., 2010; Yilmaz et al., 2011b). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA12 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.