Although the homologous enzyme, CatL, is also correlated with glioma progression26–28, it appeared to be more relevant to proliferation and apoptosis than to the invasion process.29 Flannery et al. 30 demonstrated that expression of CatS was an independent predictor of survival in GBM tumours, presumably also being related to invasion. The gene discussed is PIMREG; the disease is neoplasm.