VEGFA and lung carcinoma: VEGFR2 expression by lung cancer cells may play a role in tumor cell survival after cytotoxic stress.35,36 Many different strategies for inhibiting VEGF activity have been evaluated, including the neutralization of the ligand or receptor by antibodies, blocking VEGFR signaling with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and even antiangiogenic gene therapy based on modulating the expression of VEGF pathway-related genes.34,37