TRAF6 and cardiovascular disorder: MiR-146a is highly expressed in both human atherosclerotic plaques and PBMCs [88,89] in patients with cardiovascular diseases It was previously shown that the miR-146 family (miR-146a/b) regulated downstream toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, IL-1 receptor associated kinase-1 (IRAK1) and TNF-receptor associated factor-6 (TRAF6) through a negative-feedback regulation loop.