Consistent with previous studies [2], [16] and associated with the classical activation M1 phenotype, transcription of TNFα (up to 5), CXCL10 (IP10), CCL2 (MIP1α), and other chemotactic cytokines such as CCL3 (up to 6.8) and CCL4 was upregulated following infection. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.