We also observed an upregulation of CXCL10 gene expression, a Th1-mobilizing chemokine shown to be produced by lesion cells from self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL)-patients during active leishmaniasis [18], and the induction of the proinflammatory monocyte chemotractant protein 1 (MCP-1) encoded by the CCL2 gene, which has been associated to cutaneous leishmaniasis. Here, CCL2 is linked to leishmaniasis.