Indeed, transcription of CXCL1 (up to 3 fold increase), CXCL2 (up to 3.9 fold) and CXCL3 (up to 2 fold) (alias respectively GROα, GROβ, GROγ) was rapidly induced and persisted during the first 12 hours of infection. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and infection.