BRAF and ovarian carcinoma: ES-2 and HEY ovarian cancer cells harbor mutations in the B-Raf oncogene [39] and performed aggressively in an intra-peritoneal xenograft model [40]; in accord with their classification as an advanced stage type I ovarian carcinoma model, a malignancy characterized by a stepwise progression from precursor lesions to aggressive tumors [41], that is also typically refractory to a number of first-line chemotherapy agents.