EIF2AK2 and viral infectious disease: Moreover, cells also modulate the rate of protein synthesis in response to stresses invoked by energy depletion, virus infection, and dysfunctional protein folding, through AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and multiple eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) kinases, such as the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) and the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) [11],[12],[13],[14].