TNF and vitamin A deficiency: In contrast to S. mansoni infection, we found that the numbers of GP61 and GP33 peptide-specific IFNγ- or TNFα-positive CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in the livers (Figure 3A), spleens (Figure 3B) and MLN (Figure S3) of LCMV-infected mice were unaffected by vitamin A deficiency.