However, it is important to note that many of the successes in translation of pharmacogenomics to the clinic are in the treatment of cancer such as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of lung cancer (Yi et al. 2009) and HER2-directed therapies in the treatment of HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer (Arteaga et al. 2012). This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and breast carcinoma.