NLRP3 and infection: NLRP3 is part of the inflammasome which responds to cellular infection or stress leading to the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines [68] and depletion of NLRP3 by siRNA resulted in reduced activation of caspase-1 and decreased levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in JEV-infected microglia [58].