MAPK3 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Grape antioxidants have been shown to inhibit expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells which also caused an inhibition of the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), the highly conserved Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent pathway (one of EGFR major downstream pathways) [57].