BAX and non-small cell lung carcinoma: GSPs have been shown to induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells: A549 and H1299, which are mediated through increased expression of proapoptotic protein Bax, decreased expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl2 and Bcl-xl, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and activation of caspases 9, 3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) [76].