PPARα and PPARγ appear to play key roles in the catabolism and storage of fatty acids (FAs), a molecular mechanism whereby dietary lipids could affect overall energy balance and impact such metabolic diseases as obesity, atherosclerosis, and NIDDM [12], whereas PPARα functions in lipid catabolism and homeostasis in the liver. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.