The receptor appears to act directly by promoting neutrophil trafficking from the blood into the kidney, but not until the late phase of the infection when it is turned on selectively by blood neutrophils and when most of its ligands Ccl3, Ccl5, Ccl6, Ccl7, Ccl8 and Ccl9 are expressed at high levels in the kidney. This evidence concerns the gene CCL8 and infection.