CCR1 and acute kidney injury: Consistent with this, Ccr1+/+ mice developed more severe renal failure after infection (Figure 3E and 3F; P<0.01), and Ccr1+/+ kidneys displayed significantly greater expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1; Figure 3G; P = 0.01), a marker of tubular epithelial damage [24] currently used for diagnosis of acute kidney injury in humans [25].