The cellular expression of ROCK1 in distally derived fibroblast from COPD patients was confirmed by immunohistochemistry as shown in Figure 4A. Moreover, the mesenchymal identity of the fibroblasts was verified by using antibodies against vimentin, a member of intermediate filaments in mesenchymal cells and prolyl-4 hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in collagen synthesis (Figure 4 B-C). Here, VIM is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.