MAVS and infection: Although our attempt to detect biochemical interaction between RLR-containing avSG and IPS-1 aggregates in vitro has been unsuccessful so far because of insoluble property of them, our immunohistochemical analysis strongly indicates that IPS-1-enriched mitochondria are physically attached with avSG in response to IAVÄNS1 infection (Figure 3E and S4), suggesting critical role of avSG as a platform for RLR-IPS-1 interaction.